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How technology boosts Beijing's air pollution governance_我的网站

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    This photo taken on July 10, 2026 shows a data-driven environmental governance system, known as the innovative regulation-monitoring-inspection linkage model, showcased at the Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center in Beijing, capital of China. (Xinhua/Sun Suying)Beijing's blue skies have become a visible sign of the city's progress in tackling air pollution, and behind that progress, digital technologies are playing an increasingly important role.
In 2025, Beijing recorded 311 days with good air quality and only one heavily polluted day, compared with 58 heavily polluted days in 2013, when the city officially began releasing PM2.5 monitoring data. The annual average PM2.5 concentration, a key indicator of air quality, fell from 89.5 micrograms per cubic meter in 2013 to 27 micrograms per cubic meter in 2025, a decline of nearly 70 percent.
The progress has drawn international attention. The United Nations Environment Programme has highlighted Beijing's experience in improving air quality as a model for other cities.
According to experts at the Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, the cleaner air is the result of a comprehensive system integrating environmental monitoring, scientific analysis, policymaking, regional cooperation and law enforcement -- with digital technologies now woven into every link of that chain.
MORE TARGETED APPROACH
Effective governance begins with accurate monitoring. Beijing has established a multi-level air-quality monitoring network. Figures show 35 standard monitoring stations across the city continuously measure six major pollutants, while more than 1,000 compact sensors deployed across communities and townships provide more detailed information on local air-quality variations.
The monitoring system was gradually built by the Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, one of China's earliest ecological and environmental monitoring institutions, responsible for monitoring Beijing's air, water, noise, soil environments and ecosystems.
The center has developed an analytical system that can identify around 125 components of PM2.5, covering most of its composition and helping researchers trace pollution sources.
"Source analysis helps us identify the major contributors to pollution at different stages, providing a scientific basis for policymakers to target key emission sources," said Li Yunting, technical director at the center.
Coordinated by the Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, the center has conducted four rounds of PM2.5 source analysis studies with other institutions, with results released in 2014, 2018, 2021 and 2025.
The latest analysis showed that regional transport contributed 57 percent of Beijing's PM2.5 pollution. Among local sources that accounted for the remaining 43 percent, vehicle emissions and residential sources represented the largest share of pollution, a distinctive characteristic of a major international metropolis.
The monitoring results have provided scientific support for a series of pollution-control measures. For example, Beijing has promoted new-energy vehicles to reduce transport emissions and adopted advanced techniques, including air-supported membrane structures, to control dust emissions. Meanwhile, coal combustion pollution, once a major contributor, has almost been eliminated and is no longer listed among the main sources, reflecting broader national efforts to reduce coal consumption, promote clean energy and upgrade heavily polluting industries.
With PM2.5 concentrations now at relatively low levels, further gains in air quality will depend on more targeted, science-driven approaches.
    This photo taken on July 10, 2026 at the Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center in Beijing, capital of China, shows the changes in the annual average concentration and spatial distribution of PM2.5 in Beijing from 2013 to 2025. (Xinhua/Sun Suying)
SMARTER ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE
Beyond monitoring pollution, Beijing has built a data-driven environmental governance system that links monitoring, regulation and enforcement in a closed loop from detection to action and follow-up evaluation.
Developed by the center and known as the innovative regulation-monitoring-inspection linkage model, the system integrates artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, satellite remote sensing and vehicle-mounted monitoring technologies to pull together environmental data from multiple sources onto a unified platform.
"The system brings information that was once scattered across different departments onto a single platform," said Zhang Likun, director of the smart system division at the center, adding that this enables off-site enforcement and joint cross-sector actions involving housing, water resources and transportation, significantly improving the efficiency and precision of environmental management.
Using more than 30 intelligent algorithms, the platform automatically analyzes data and identifies potential pollution risks, based on which monitoring staff identify the most pressing problems and forward them to enforcement departments.
The approach has already drawn international attention. Clean Air Asia, an international nongovernmental organization focused on improving air quality across Asia, featured the system as a representative case study in its "China Air 2025" report. The model was also presented at the 2026 Better Air Quality Conference and recognized with the Certificate for Clean Air Best Practice Sharing.
China has integrated ecological conservation into its modernization drive. As the country speeds up efforts under the Beautiful China Initiative, Beijing's experience demonstrates how technology can support more precise, coordinated and sustainable environmental governance.
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B | 600，800，1200，1500元…没有最大折扣，只有更多。

C | 最近几天，先前坚挺的iPhone价格终于成为主要电子商务平台之间价格战的主角。目前，一些电子商务平台上128g新iPhone的xr价格已降至5799元，而官方价格6999元为1200元，部分型号的xs最高价格已达1500元。这轮电子商务平台降价，赞助商不是别人，而是苹果自己。不仅电子商务平台，根据华强北方频道1月8日苹果发布的调价信息，去年发布的iPhone XS系列和去年发布的iPhone X、8系列都将降价，其中iPhone XR的渠道价格降幅最大。苹果历史上第一次大幅提价，因为新款iPhone才发布了四个月。

D | 历史上“新旧交替”的活动数量最多，目前在苹果官方网站上处于最突出的位置，似乎所有这些都在告诉外界苹果开始焦虑了。与苹果的焦虑相比，更大的恐慌来自上下游产业链。智能手机行业的特点是核心部件供应高度集中，分工高度精细，产业链成熟，但这也导致了iPhone市场的表现不仅会影响到苹果，还会影响到众多供应链企业上下游的紧张情绪。M.面对新iPhone的冷酷，食品过剩的苹果可以降价促销，但对于许多与苹果车轮相关的供应链企业来说，日子将如何？随着iPhone的喷嚏声和半个产业链上悬挂的瓶子，虽然春节假期还没有到来，但苹果工厂的一些工人已经开始了他们的春节假期，尽管他们对此并不高兴。自上个月以来，来自不同媒体的消息显示，由于XR销售不佳，一些公司已经通知员工无薪休假。面对寒冷的市场和苹果销量的下降，除了提前给员工休假外，供应链还通过关闭和拆除生产线来实现自助。据知情人士透露，苹果对谅解备忘录表示：“iPhone发布一周后，苹果向供应链发出了一个切断信号。

E | 不久前，苹果向供应链发送了一条信息，称将在之前的基础上再削减10%的费用。例如，富士康已经关闭了大部分生产线。事实上，最初计划用于iPhoneXR的60条生产线中，只有不到一半被使用。其余的已经关闭。和硕和伟创也关闭了大约一半的生产线。此外，根据财务报告，苹果的一家发电厂常熟科技提前三个月拆除了XR生产线。尽管这位战士摔断了手腕，但他对iPhone xr系列产品的盲目信心导致了第一批产品中大量积压的订单。作为回应，第一手机产业研究所所长孙燕标表示：“由于销售不佳，iPhoneXR确实面临着一定的库存问题。为了消化这部分库存，苹果已经开始在一些国内销售渠道降价。尽管业内人士警告称，全球智能手机市场将全面下滑，但它并不认为寒潮会从苹果开始。

F | 苹果股价暴跌，库克于1月5日发出预警信，这是苹果近10年来首次发布盈利预警。到1月和10月，苹果的股价已经跌至153美元。自11月1日发布盈利预警以来，苹果股价在两个月内下跌超过30%。在库克警告业绩下滑后，全球苹果供应商股价下跌。韩国供应商：LG Innotek、SK Hailishi、Samsung SDI和Samsung Motor分别下跌3.6%、3.6%、1.9%和2.3%；美国市场：Skyworks Solutions下跌6.6%、Bloom下跌5%、Qorvo下跌5.2%、Universal Display下跌3.5%、Lumentum Holdings Inc.下跌8.7%；台湾地区：台积电下跌3%，突破6月2日设定的最低年度水平。

G | 除供应商外，原始设备制造商和供应商也受到影响。鸿海精密、威创、和硕的股价分别下跌1%至3%。好市多批发公司下跌1.3%，百思买下跌3.8%，目标下跌1.2%。

H | 但是，好日子是建立在iPhone市场销售蓬勃发展，消费者认识到这一点的前提下的。如今，当iPhone变冷的时候，也是苹果第一次开放的供应商，这使得供应链上下游的公司不得不为生存而绞尽脑汁。目前，苹果在全球拥有18家装配厂，其中中国14家，美国2家，南美1家，欧洲1家。富士康就是其中之一。

I | 富士康可能是第一个患感冒的人。根据富士康2018年12月和1月10日公布的全年业绩，电子产品市场需求疲软，导致去年12月富士康收入下降8%，拖累了整个2018年的业绩。12月营收6193亿新台币（2012亿美元），较上年同期下降8.3%。这是自去年2月以来富士康的月收入首次同比下降。

J | 2018年，富士康的收入同比仅增长12.5%。除了富士康，许多苹果概念股也降低了他们的收入预期。

K | 为新iPhone生产前端摄像头组件的Lumentum下调了其2018年第四季度的性能展望，理由是主要客户对先前订单“大幅降低”的需求；为苹果提供射频芯片的Qorvo也降低了第三季度的收入和利润预期。Qorvo解释说，这是主要客户需求下降的结果。利润受到打击；日本供应商日本显示器（Japanese Display）去年年底报告称，该公司连续六个季度亏损，并将2018年的销售增长预测从10%下调至12%至5%至15%。

L | 近几年来，随着苹果在高端旗舰机领域取得前所未有的成功，成为苹果的供应商似乎成为许多上下游供应链企业的目标之一。

M | 除了从苹果获得大量订单外，由于其对供应商的高标准，供应链中潜在合作伙伴的名单也可以并排证明他们的整体水平，从而使整个市场对他们增加信任。但一旦你登上苹果的船，这也意味着你将与巨人紧密相连。由于苹果严格的供应链要求，供应商将尽可能优先满足苹果的需求。与此同时，苹果相对大量的订单将占供应商总出货量的绝大部分，这也导致供应商对苹果的依赖性日益增强。目前，苹果的订单占到许多苹果概念公司的30%甚至40%，这意味着一旦iPhone市场表现不佳，苹果订单高的供应商的出货量和收入将受到相对严重的影响。

N | 今天的市场形势已经解决了这一问题。在这方面，一些相关观察家了解到笔记说：“苹果在产业链上非常强大，而且多次的“分手”并不是预警。曾经是苹果图形芯片（GPU）供应商的想像力科技（imagination tech）严重依赖苹果，在其生产能力达到顶峰时，苹果曾提供过其总收入的一半以上。在苹果突然宣布削减其产品并开发自己的替代产品后，该公司的股价下跌，最终自行出售。这位人士强调，对供应商来说，抱着苹果的大腿是件好事，但过分依赖苹果的订单也会带来巨大的风险，如果苹果出现问题，它将对自身产生巨大影响。

o | ”对于上下游供应商来说，客户多元化非常重要。避免与船绑在一起是最好的发展模式，“事实上，富士康肯定是当前困境中最不舒服的一个。

p | 苹果和富士康从第一代iPhone开始就合作了。富士康成功地获得了A股，依靠利润增长来换取苹果的原始设备制造商。

q | 目前，包括壳牌加工和总装业务在内，已占总收入的50%以上。

r | 尽管随着中国手机制造商的崛起，富士康一直在接受不同的客户，但过度依赖苹果的问题依然存在。另一方面，过去几年，苹果一直是全球移动电话供应链的“统治者”。厨师对成本非常敏感。作为首席执行官，他迅速将苹果的供应商从就业时代的150家增加到800家，通过供应商之间的竞争，他意识到了低成本的需求。换句话说，供应链把赌注押在苹果上，但聪明的苹果总是把鸡蛋放在不同的篮子里。虽然供应商越来越依赖苹果，但近年来，苹果的供应商战略一直是避免过分依赖一家公司。苹果一直在探索关键部件的新合作伙伴，以尽量降低风险，这在iPhone屏幕的选择中很明显。由于三星在小屏幕OLED面板市场的绝对主导地位，苹果已经严重依赖三星的供应。

s | 但为了避免长期被三星困住，苹果近年来开始了“去三星”的进程。2018年，苹果对LG进行了投资，并下达了屏幕订单。尽管整体数字很小，但LG的出现使苹果对与三星的谈判过程更有信心，同时也分担了风险。此外，苹果必须以牺牲iPhone信号质量为代价选择Intel基带。除了高通公司和高通公司之间的争议之外，供应商多元化也是一个重要原因。总之，新的iPhone将很冷，苹果将大规模削减开支。与此同时，苹果在供应链中的权威也将下降。对于上游和下游供应商来说，今天的情况也是一个警钟。他们已经意识到苹果的巨轮并不是牢不可破的。一旦有了风暴，苹果可以以它的大小生存，但它的桑潘很可能在任何时候被推翻。因此，智能手机产业链结构也将发生一些微妙的变化。在追随苹果脚步的同时，一些供应链企业也将努力寻找新的合作伙伴和收入来源，从而减少对苹果的依赖和自身的业务风险。在接下来的一年里，全球智能手机市场的巨大变化将不仅仅来自舞台前一两位超级明星的独舞。

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Published on:08:08:50