昨夜星辰

微软首席执行官纳德拉：2018年有10个人激励我_我的网站

蓝山球队第一季

A | 1月9日，微软全球首席执行官萨蒂亚•纳德拉（Satia Nadela）最近在2018年分享了他10个灵感和启示，涉及教育、医疗、文化遗产、儿童援助等多个领域。

Photo: screenshot of the CNA documentary Inside Unit 731: Japan's Secret Human Experiments
A documentary revisiting the Imperial Japanese Army's lethal human experiments and biological warfare program has attracted more than 1 million views online, bringing renewed global attention to one of World War II's darkest chapters and a history still little known outside Asia.
Produced by Singapore-based Channel NewsAsia (CNA), Inside Unit 731: Japan's Secret Human Experiments features historians and descendants of survivors from countries including the UK, the US, Japan and Singapore. Through their accounts, the documentary details the germ warfare, human experimentation and other crimes against humanity committed by Unit 731 - officially known as the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Kwantung Army - during Japan's war of aggression.
Several US, Singaporean and Japanese scholars featured in the documentary recently told the Global Times that the evidence of Unit 731's crimes against humanity is irrefutable. The atrocities represent a shared trauma not only for Asian countries subjected to Japanese fascist aggression, but also for all humanity. "More than 80 years after the war, reviving the collective memory of affected countries is essential to safeguarding peace," they said.
Victims of germ warfare
For much of his life, Katsutoshi Takegami knew only that his father had once worked in China. It was not until years after his father's death that a discovery in the family storehouse prompted the 78-year-old resident of Komagane, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, to investigate what that work had involved.
Several thick photo albums had been packed into boxes marked "Nara Army Hospital." Across the black-and-white photographs were references to the "Epidemic Prevention Section" and the "Central China Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department."
"My father worked at a local public health center after World War II. He had mentioned that he had worked in China, but never revealed any details," Takegami told the Global Times. "When I saw those photographs, I desperately wanted to know what my father had done in China."
Determined to find an answer, Takegami closed the café he had spent years building, began examining historical records and consulted researchers. He even traveled to China in search of clues.
His investigation eventually revealed that his father had been a member of Unit 1644, also known as Unit Ei 1644, a germ-warfare formation based in Nanjing. The discovery came as a profound shock.
"When people talk about the Imperial Japanese Army's germ warfare, Unit 731 is usually the first thing that comes to mind. In fact, the Japanese military operated many such units," Takegami said.
"The general public knows almost nothing about them, and very few scholars study them. Historical evidence shows that the areas victimized by germ warfare extended far beyond Harbin, where Unit 731 was headquartered. China was by no means the only victimized country," he added.
For Singaporean independent scholar Lim Shao Bin, the realization that this biological warfare network had reached Southeast Asia came on February 14, 2016.
That day, Nobuyoshi Takashima, professor emeritus at the University of the Ryukyus, and his wife took Lim to the former Tampoi Mental Hospital on the outskirts of Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Pointing to a row of buildings, Takashima told him: "This was a wartime production base for Unit 731's plague bombs."
"That cut deeply into me," Lim told the Global Times. "I had studied in Japan since the 1980s and believed I knew a great deal about the crimes committed by the Japanese invaders in China. But I never imagined that Singapore and Malaysia - right on our doorstep - had also suffered at the hands of Unit 731."
From that day forward, Lim began systematically tracing the activities of Japanese germ-warfare units in Southeast Asia.
He explained that the Epidemic Prevention Research Laboratory of the Imperial Japanese Army Medical School established the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Kwantung Army in Pingfang, Harbin, which became known as Unit 731.
Photo: screenshot of the CNA documentary Inside Unit 731: Japan's Secret Human Experiments

Photo: screenshot of the CNA documentary Inside Unit 731: Japan's Secret Human Experiments
Using Unit 731 as the center of its operations, the Japanese military established the North China Expeditionary Army Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department in Beijing, known as Unit 1855; Unit Ei 1644 in Nanjing; and Unit Nami 8604 in Guangzhou.
''Yet this network still contained a major missing piece - Southeast Asia,'' Lim said.
The Japanese military established the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of Southern Expeditionary Army in Singapore under the code name Oka Unit 9420. Together, these interconnected germ-warfare formations constituted what Lim described as the "Unit 731 system."
A map compiled by Lim marks five branches of Oka Unit 9420 across Southeast Asia: the Malaya, Java, Manila, Indochina and Thailand branches. These facilities produced plague bacilli and fleas on a large scale, supplying the Japanese military with biological warfare materials and forming a regional germ-warfare network.
Historical documents indicate that Oka Unit 9420 was the largest Japanese germ-warfare unit operating outside the China theater.
In May 2025, Lim and Wang Xuan, president of the Zhejiang Provincial Historical Society's research association on the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45), published a book on the Japanese Army's Oka Unit 9420 after five years of extensive research and writing.
The book offered the first comprehensive account of this nearly forgotten unit and was also the first historical monograph devoted to the Southern Expeditionary Army Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department.
Work far from over
The CNA documentary traces the origins of Japan's biological warfare ambitions to the 1925 Geneva Protocol, humanity's first major post-World War I attempt to prohibit the use of chemical and biological weapons.
Instead of treating the prohibition as a moral boundary, Shiro Ishii, the notorious commander of Unit 731, recognized the enormous military value of such weapons and regarded them as "a decisive means of winning future wars," according to the documentary.
Unit 731 presented itself publicly as an epidemic-prevention and public health organization. Its real purpose, however, was to conduct secret human experiments in support of biological warfare.
The experiments included infecting victims with plague-bearing fleas, injecting them with dysentery pathogens and subjecting them to frostbite tests in temperatures dozens of degrees below zero.
Japanese soldiers referred to prisoners of war and civilian victims as maruta, meaning "logs," stripping them of their humanity before using them as experimental subjects. Everyone sent into the laboratories eventually died.
As Lim's research shows, the system supporting these experiments extended far beyond Unit 731's headquarters in Harbin.
In February 2018, Lim obtained exclusive access to a reel of wartime film footage shot after 1942 by Tomosada Masuda, a close associate and former schoolmate of Ishii who later became a core member of Unit 731. The footage documented the activities of Oka Unit 9420 in Southeast Asia.
"Harbin's severe winters made it impossible to breed plague-infected fleas on a large scale throughout the year, so Unit 731 urgently needed a warm and humid cultivation base," Lim said. "The optimal conditions for breeding the fleas were temperatures of 27 to 30 C and humidity of around 90 percent. Singapore's climate met all of these requirements."
Another document preserved in a Japanese archive showed that Japanese military "researchers" had successfully isolated a new virus from rats in Singapore and planned to transport it to Unit 731's headquarters in Harbin.
Lim said the virus was not originally native to Singapore but had been deliberately cultivated and introduced by the Japanese military. The Japanese Imperial Army recorded the body temperatures, symptoms and other experimental data of 70 test subjects in detail.
"The documentary examines in depth the crucial role Singapore played in the broader biological warfare operation," Alexis Dudden, a professor of history at the University of Connecticut, told the Global Times. "This not only expands the geographical scope of research into Unit 731's criminal activities, but also makes one point clear: This history cannot simply be characterized as a dispute between China and Japan. At its core, it was a transnational crime done by Japanese imperial expansion."
Dudden also pointed to the testimony of Hideo Shimizu, a former teenage recruit of Unit 731 who appeared in the documentary. Accounts by those who directly witnessed the unit's activities demonstrate that "the work of exposing this dark history is far from over," she said.
The documentary also highlights the stark disparity in postwar accountability.
After World War II, the victorious Allied powers conducted international trials of leading Nazi war criminals and criminal organizations in Nuremberg, Germany. Yet many of Unit 731's "executioners" returned to Japanese society, where they resumed ordinary careers in medicine and other professions.
"In a sense, this forces all of us to ask: How could a person commit such horrifying crimes, then return home and continue to act as a caring partner, a kind friend or a responsible parent?" Dudden said.
Understand history, learn from it
As of press time, "Inside Unit 731: Japan's Secret Human Experiments" has attracted more than 1.13 million views on YouTube and other platforms, with the figure rising.
Its reception raises a broader question: Why has a history rooted in wartime Asia resonated so strongly with audiences across national borders?
"Many people outside China know little or nothing about this history," Dudden said. "For a long time, international understanding of Unit 731 has not merely contained blind spots. It has been marked by widespread historical ignorance - people simply do not know this history."
Dudden cited an example from the university where she teaches. An accomplished professor who held a doctorate from Kyoto University and had spent years living and working in Japan was stunned after watching the documentary.
"I grew up in Bosnia and worked and lived in Japan for many years. My own grandparents died in Nazi concentration camps, yet I had never heard of this history," the professor said.
The professor urged Dudden to introduce the documentary in her classes and help disseminate the historical truth about Unit 731 because "everyone can and must understand this history and learn from it."
At the same time, Dudden emphasized that "understanding history and learning historical knowledge does not mean hating Japan or the Japanese people."
Asked by the Global Times what lessons remembering and reflecting on history can offer for preventing past tragedies from recurring and safeguarding peace and justice, amid Japan's accelerating rightward shift and mounting conflicts worldwide, Dudden said that "choosing silence in the face of atrocities is, to some extent, tantamount to abetting evil."
"Collective numbness and inaction can all too easily give rise to further harm. If humanity is unwilling to reflect together and defend our shared human values, similar tragedies will very likely happen again. Therein lies the answer," Dudden said.
For historians, years of work with archival materials are essential to identifying decisive evidence and exposing the falsehoods of historical denialists, Dudden said.
"But the challenge remains: Distorted and sanitized narratives have already hardened into mainstream opinion in some countries," she noted. "From this perspective, the historical truth about Unit 731, including that presented in CNA's documentary, deserves to be disseminated widely."
Da Zhigang, a research fellow at the Institute of Northeast Asian Studies of the Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times that the Imperial Japanese Army's germ warfare, chemical warfare and other atrocities were not confined to China.
They also spread across Southeast Asia and the Pacific theater, inflicting profound suffering on people in numerous countries, he said.
Da said the Japanese government has long pursued historical revisionism by deliberately confining its wartime crimes to a bilateral China-Japan framework. It has even substituted concepts and reversed right and wrong, portraying a deliberately launched war of aggression as "an act of self-defense under a complex international environment," he said.
Such narratives seek to reduce the perceived geographical scope of Japan's atrocities and dilute its responsibility for wartime crimes, Da noted.
"Japan's historical revisionism is, in essence, a flagrant violation of the spirit of the UN Charter, international human rights norms and the principles of Japan's own Constitution," Da said.
"The current Sanae Takaichi administration uses AI and other means to manipulate public opinion, continually poisoning the Japanese public's understanding of history and fundamentally distorting the purpose of peace education," Da said.
"This erroneous view of history is highly transmissible and has serious spillover effects. It undermines the foundations of Japan's relations with regional countries and risks triggering a chain of negative consequences with lasting repercussions," the expert warned.
Many Asia-Pacific countries share memories of suffering under Japanese militarism as well as a strong emotional resonance rooted in that history. This provides a solid foundation for building a multilateral system of historical accountability, Da said.
Victimized countries across the region should preserve their shared historical memory, work together to expose false narratives promoted by Japan's right wing and fully restore the historical record of Japanese aggression, he added. Such efforts would provide a firm historical basis for upholding regional peace and justice.
For Lim, turning that goal into reality requires overcoming serious obstacles. The countries of Southeast Asia were ruled by different colonial powers during the war, and their archives were consequently preserved in different languages. Records relating to Singapore and Malaysia were largely written in English under British colonial rule, those in Indonesia in Dutch, and those in Vietnam in French.
Already scarce documents are therefore scattered across different countries and divided by linguistic barriers, leaving researchers with very limited material, Lim added.
"Unit 731's germ warfare, human experimentation and other crimes are not only a source of pain for China. They are a shared trauma for all Asian countries that suffered Japanese aggression, and for humanity as a whole," Lim said. "Researching this history is therefore not the responsibility of any one country, but a common responsibility of the international community."
Lim called on countries to strengthen archival sharing and academic cooperation, break down linguistic and national barriers, and jointly uncover more historical truths that have remained buried.
"More than 80 years after the war, reviving the collective memory of affected countries is essential to safeguarding peace," Lim said. "Only by facing history squarely and reflecting on it can we prevent such tragedy from recurring and build a solid foundation for peace."
。让我们跟随他经历这些闪光的故事，感受科技给我们的生活和梦想带来的神奇和美丽的变化，并在2019年获得前进的动力。以下是微软CEO纳德拉的全文：因为我的工作，我有机会结识世界各地的许多人。坚持推进科技前沿，用科技力量解决紧迫挑战，依靠科技造福世界。其中包括加纳的老师，他们用黑板画单词界面来教孩子们如何使用它们，来自巴黎的企业家使回收变得独特，来自微软的美国团队优化收养系统，让更多的孩子享受家庭的温暖……当我想到即将到来的2018年，我想真诚地赞扬他们。

B | 他们有一个美好生活的愿景，一个对未来的愿景，并付诸行动。从他们的故事中，我意识到我们每个人都可以像他们一样，在组织和社区中发挥光和热，甚至影响整个世界。我希望他们的故事能激励我，也能给你一些启发。学生、教师和志愿者：定义计算机科学教育的未来。据统计，到2020年，美国将有140万个与计算机科学相关的工作岗位，但只有40万毕业生符合相关技能要求。

C | 在这方面，微软TEALS（学校技术教育和识字）项目希望通过在美国各地的高中普及计算机教育来缩小数字鸿沟。

D | 本月早些时候，我会见了布朗克斯科学高中和布鲁克林威廉斯堡预备高中的同学和老师，他们都是TEALS项目的参与者。教师和学生们分享了TEALS项目对他们当前生活的影响，并表示参与该项目有助于他们为未来做好准备。韦恩·托比亚斯是威廉斯堡预备高中的一名教师，他告诉我，在他决定转学教书之前，他在金融部门工作，并创办了一家平面设计公司。现在他当了十多年教师。布朗克斯城市应用数学与科学学院的教师特里·亚历山大（TerryAlexander）向TEALS项目寻求帮助，因为学校没有计算机科学课程。他希望Teals能使学生得到更全面的教育。实验结果明显：在计算机科学测试中，该项目的学生得分高于全国平均水平，并且在与TEALS志愿者合作两年后，大多数教师能够独立地教授计算机科学，这为美国计算机科学教育的可持续发展奠定了基础。萨米特·塞尼：希思罗机场数字过渡公司萨米特·塞尼在伦敦希思罗机场做保安已经13年了。他负责行李检查。希思罗机场是欧洲最繁忙的机场。仅去年一年，就有8000万乘客通过。萨米特指出，由于语言障碍，经常很难与国际旅客交流。萨米特就用智能解决方案取代传统做法的可能性咨询了IT部门。但萨米特被告知这太贵了，而且资金不足。但这并没有阻止萨米特下一步行动。通过在线教程，Sammit从Microsoft PowerApps学习并开发了一个简单的翻译应用程序，以解决日常安全工作中所需的翻译工作。这个应用程序非常成功。

E | 现在，Sammit在机场担任全职IT用户应用程序专家，负责培训和使用Microsoft PowerApps。到目前为止，希思罗机场团队已经开发了十几个应用程序，与以前使用的笔和纸相比，效率得到了提高。

F | Samet对机场数字化改造的个人贡献给我留下了深刻的印象。随着技术的普及，每个人都有机会将自己的思想和热情投入到企业的发展中，并与自己的职业发展轨迹相结合。理查德：黑板上的“界面”一词来自加纳的乡村教师理查德·阿皮亚·阿克托。他没有因为缺少计算机设备而停止教学。他在教室黑板上画了一个非常精确的单词用户界面，帮助学生学习。”我想教他们如何使用微软的Word软件，但由于没有电脑来演示，我必须尽我最大的努力。

G | “理查德说，”为了让学生建立一个更直观的单词理解，我先画了单词的图标，然后在单词开始后绘制了界面。

H | “理查德的画很快就流行起来了。”为了给他足够的支持，我们的团队为乍得和学生们提供了一间电脑教室。作家约翰斯坦贝克曾经写道：“我开始相信一个伟大的老师也是一个伟大的艺术家……它甚至可能是最伟大的艺术。在我看来，理查德是一位有奉献精神和创造力的模范教师，他对学生的影响是深远的。

I | 约翰克罗宁：“约翰的疯狂袜子”约翰克罗宁：定义一个新的生活是非常重要的任何公司，希望最大限度地发挥其影响力。约翰在纽约的疯狂袜子就是一个很好的例子。两年前，22岁的约翰·克罗宁与父亲马克·克罗宁共同创立了这家公司。这家网上商店出售成千上万种风格独特的袜子——甜甜圈、双关语、表情符号等。你几乎可以买到任何想象得到的款式。但这并不是使公司与众不同的唯一原因。约翰是唐氏综合症患者。

J | 他的公司以宽容和多样性为企业文化。

K | 半数以上的雇员是残疾人。约翰甚至赋予残疾人小企业权利，以鼓励他们在国会委员会的职业发展。最近，该公司通过我们的云服务为员工提供了Office365帐户。

L | 对于许多人来说，这是他们第一次拥有自己的电子邮件帐户。我认为约翰对商业的热爱和热情有着强烈的吸引力。他的父亲曾经骄傲地说：“约翰出生的时候，很多人告诉我，他将来会遇到许多未完成的事情。

M | 但现在，约翰自己定义了他的生活。高中生Keira Sharif、Baryl Schneir和Intian Skinner：华盛顿高中生Michelle Sharif、Barrle Schneir和Intian Skinner的榜样力量发现了喷泉铅污染的隐患。这让他们想到了一起发明一种净化铅污染水的方法。凭借这项发明，他们参加了由美国宇航局赞助的科学竞赛，成为决赛中唯一一支完全由黑人女性组成的队伍。然而，这也使他们成为种族主义黑客的目标，他们试图通过操纵投票系统来阻止他们获胜。当我在新闻中看到他们时，最吸引我的是他们杰出的才华和成为同龄人榜样的决心。

N | 米歇尔谢里夫曾对《华盛顿邮报》说：“在STEM中，我们不能成为代表。

o | 但是对于那些想进入STEM竞技场却没有足够自信的年轻人来说，做一个榜样是很重要的。我邀请Michelle、Barrel和Intien参加微软的年度黑客马拉松，在那里他们合作了一个项目，鼓励更多的女孩学习编程，并设计了一个课程，教其他学生如何组织编程俱乐部。我还和他们三个人以及他们的导师Marisa Jenning聊天，她是Socialgrlz的创始人和首席执行官，分享了他们使用技术帮助当地社区妇女的想法。我非常希望他们能加入微软，但我也相信无论他们身在何处，他们都会取得改变世界的成就。毫无疑问，他们会激励无数人勇敢地追求自己的梦想。白艳兵：2011年3月，日本东北部海岸发生了一场前所未有的严重地震。地震引起的海啸夺去了近2万人的生命。灾害促使全世界重新审视灾害应对机制。

p | 日本东北大学国际灾害科学研究所位于地震受灾最严重的地区。白燕兵和他的团队，目前正在从事这项研究，是一个重要的倡导者。在我最近访问东京期间，我遇到了严兵，他和我分享了他的进步——他的工作将给救援人员更多的机会在下一次灾难中挽救更多的生命。此前，地方当局通过分析受灾地区的卫星图像来协调救灾力量的分配，这是非常具有挑战性和耗时的。而燕兵正利用我们最新的计算机视觉技术开发一个系统，可以自动在灾区创建信息足迹来解决这个问题。

q | 我们授予严兵的“人工智能为地球”计划是我们更广泛的“人工智能为好”计划的一部分，该计划旨在解决人工智能带来的全球环境挑战。严兵的开拓性研究也证明了我们主动使人工智能更好地为人类服务的意义。

r | CassandraDella，Plastif:Recycling的创始人，有很多事情要做。我们知道今天的工作不一定存在于明天——这就是为什么我们投资于帮助年轻人掌握未来工作所需技能的项目。

s | 在我们巴黎的人工智能学校，我个人感受到了这一点。学校的目标是通过身体力行的培训，为学生提供适应不同行业和日常需要的各种软硬技能，使他们成长为未来能够满足不同需求的人才。这些受训者中有一些是助理、律师、商人，甚至是高中毕业生——但经过7个月的强化培训和12个月的实习，这个学生现在已经准备好在未来的人工智能和数据科学领域工作。这些学生的经验证明，他们在科技行业工作不一定需要计算机科学学位。就是在那里我遇到了卡桑德拉·德拉。她是一位年轻的企业家，有着“再生”再生产品的宏伟梦想。她的公司Plastif开发了一种“自动回收自动售货机”，可以让你把塑料放进机器里，然后把它变成有用的东西随身携带。

t | 值得注意的是，她和她的学生开发了一个识别塑料的ML模型，并将其部署在普通计算机上，然后将计算机与3D打印机集成。她的新想法变成了现实。

u | 卡桑德罗的初创企业完美地展示了技术创新如何为解决诸如可持续发展等重要社会问题创造机会，同时也展示了培训人员掌握新技能的重要性。

v | 微软同事露丝·希尔：每个孩子都应该得到家庭的温暖。每周我们都会召开领导团队会议，重点讨论微软或其他公司的团队或个人如何利用技术改变世界。今年给我印象最深的是我们的一个项目：使用微软的Dynamics 365等技术帮助亚利桑那州超过15000名儿童的救济中心。通过创建统一的解决方案平台，儿童福利工作者可以更深入地了解他们的救济目标，并为他们提供更有针对性和个性化的帮助。”只要有可能，我们都会让我们的孩子在家庭环境中成长，而不是在救济中心中成长。”这项倡议是由露西·谢尔发起的，她非常清楚该项目的风险和可能后果，包括寄养系统中任何漏洞对儿童的影响。露西和我们分享了她的经历：她的养子约翰14岁就被收养了。他在那个年龄有点叛逆，但全家人都很宽容他，把他看作是家里的一员。约翰现年26岁，从事自己喜欢的工作，发展得很好。这一特殊的经历使露西与儿童保姆密切接触。这就是我要告诉每一位微软员工的：把你的目标和热情与你的工作联系起来，微软将成为你追求梦想的平台。Johanta McCara博士和Zyrobotics的Ayana Howard博士：利用人工智能实现技术的创新发展，扩展能力，也将惠及全球超过10亿残疾人。我对此毫无疑问。

w | 微软为研究机构、非政府组织和企业家提供资金和支持。

x | 充分发挥社会各界的关心和热情，帮助残疾人充分参与社会经济建设。Zyrobotics是第一家获得这种特殊财务支持的公司。他们的阅读流利程序为不同学习需求的学生建立个性化的程序，帮助他们更流利地阅读。

y | Zyrobotics类似于导师的教学模式。它使用Azure人工智能创建一个自定义语音模型，以确定学生何时需要交互和反馈。今年秋天，我拜访了Zyrobotics的首席执行官Johanta McCara博士和亚特兰大的首席技术官Ayana Howard博士，他们在那里分享了每个孩子个性化解决方案的想法和经验。

z | 没有人工智能技术，这是不可能实现的。因此，我们必须通过促进技术创新来扩展人类的能力，并在这一过程中逐步改变人们的生活。Iconem:人工智能正在帮助恢复传统。人们正在以新的和意想不到的方式体验人工智能的好处。通过人工智能技术，可以在全世界范围内恢复被自然因素和人为因素破坏的古遗址。

| 法国一家初创公司Iconem为古代遗址的“复兴”开辟了道路。

| 倡导“遗产复兴”的团队使用Azure人工智能将数十万张遗址照片拼接成高分辨率的3D模型，这不仅有助于考古研究，而且让更多的人有机会感受到它，而不会让这些珍贵的文化遗产随着时间永远消失。目前，Iconem已经完成了“复兴”项目，包括柬埔寨吴哥窟和伊拉克、叙利亚等战乱地区的几处标志性建筑。我的微软同事列宁·图卡利（Lenin Tukali）是一名律师，她于2015年逃离叙利亚的大马士革。她说，她被转移到看到技术恢复乌马亚清真寺的祭祀活动。”我觉得自己像在做梦，好像真的来到了叙利亚。“我甚至能感觉到清真寺里的阳光，”她说。这是一种让历史生机勃勃的方式…因为如果你不知道你来自哪里，你就不知道你应该去哪里，”Iconem的创始人万斯•尤伯曼说。在每一个变化背后，我们都能看到激情和创造力的深远影响，以及科学技术对社会、世界和未来的影响。我们每个人都会在那里。